Energy-Aware Fault Tolerance in Hard Real- Time Embedded Systems

Energy consumption of electronic devices has become a serious concern in recent years. Energy efficiency is necessary to lengthen the battery lifetime in portable systems, as well as to reduce the operational costs and the environmental impact of stationary systems. Dynamic power management (DPM) algorithms aim to reduce the energy consumption at the system level by selectively placing components into low-power states. Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) algorithms reduce energy consumption by changing processor speed and voltage at runtime depending on the needs of the applications running. The proposed method is extended by integrating the DPM model DVS algorithm, thus enabling larger energy savings. The proposed methods are i) Postponement method and ii) Hybrid method. fault tolerance are also achieved by increasing transistor density and decreasing supply voltage.